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I'm a Landscape Design Artist and owner of Ferret Hollow Gardens.

Before You Rake—Leaf Mulch as Natural Fertilizer

In the fall we tend to get rid of all of the leaves that fall to the ground in our yards and gardens. The leaves are actually nature’s best fertilizer.

Just think: for millions of years, there were no chemical fertilizers; only the nutrients provided by nature. If you rake up your leaves and mulch them into a fine mixture and then cover your planting beds with a 2-4 inch leaf mulch layer, then you are providing most of the nutrients that your plants/grass needs.

This also goes for turf grass and lawns. If you mow a layer of the leaves into the lawn in the fall and leave it there, much of it will be broken down by spring, and the remainder will continue to break down over the year as the new grass grows through it and covers it up. Natural fertilizer.

The recommended amount is 2-4 inches per year for a healthy soil. Broken-down leaves provides food for beneficial soil inhabitants—bacteria, fungi, nematodes, worms, etc.—that in turn break down the nutrients and provide them to the roots of the plants.  For best results use a variety of different leaves from different types of trees, oak, maple, elm, etc. 

You can use a leaf blower/vacuum, but I have found that the best is to get a leaf mulcher. It can be placed on a trash can to contain the shredded leaves, and then used to carry the leaf mulch to the areas that you want to cover.

For turf lawns, use a lawn mower. Spread out the leaves and allow the mower to chop them up right onto the lawn, leaving them to break down over the winter. At Longwood Gardens, this is used extensively on the planting beds with a 4-to-6-inch-thick layer. 

The central plant in the photo is arum italicum, or Italian Arum. It starts to put out leaves in October, and will continue to do so into the spring/summer. It blooms in late winter/early spring and will produce a thick spadix of bright red berries.

If you should have any questions, please feel free to contact me at Ferret Hollow Gardens.

Walter Weidenbacher

2:13 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012

Thanks for this timely reminder, especially great because of leaf collection reduction this year.
Walter

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Stephen Coan

2:03 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012

You're welcome Walter. You can also save all of the leaves that don't make it as leaf mulch and put them in a bin to decompose into compost (soil). This can be added to your garden in low nutrient areas or added to the soil when you put in a new plant. I plan on writing a post regarding leaf composting soon.

Stephen Coan

1:51 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012

Here is a link showing the benefits of using leaf mulch on your turf-grass to reduce and eliminate dandelions in your lawns. http://ih.constantcontact.com/fs062/1102887255290/img/206.jpg

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Mohandus Frieri

9:11 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012

"The leaves are actually nature’s best fertilizer". Gee I thought it was Republicans.

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Stephen Bliss

6:39 pm on Saturday, December 1, 2012

I do not mulch the leaves. I just leave them where they fall except if they fall on my patio. I blow those off on to the grass. In the spring the leaves are gone. This saves me a lot of work.

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Stephen Coan

10:56 am on Wednesday, December 5, 2012

Stephen,
Thanks, you're doing the right thing. I have found that un-mulched leaves can dry out during the winter making them susceptible to the wind that can blow them around. When you mulch them they can from a tighter mass that can hold together a bit better than loose leaves while they are being broken down.

Luis Alberto Simauchi

9:51 am on Wednesday, December 5, 2012

Well really anything biodegradable is fair game to become fertilizer. But whether or not leaf mulch can be comparable to its chemical or organic brethren is another story completely. Here's a list of lawn mulch's competitors http://www.domyownpestcontrol.com/fertilizers-c-59_416.html

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Stephen Coan

10:52 am on Wednesday, December 5, 2012

So you're advocating the sale and use of chemicals. Do you have a vested interest in the fertilizer/chemical/pesticide industry? Perhaps a pesticide, fertilizer, or lawn care company? The indiscriminate use of commercial chemicals and fertilizers without soil testing done by professional labs/co-operative prior to application to verify the specific type and amount of soil nutrient depletion is wasteful and can cause environmental problems. One of the largest problems that we have from residential areas is the the runoff of excessive chemicals/fertilizers that are used on lawns during rain storms. They in turn will enter into the storm water sewer systems and then into our streams and oceans creating polluted environments and can also enter into our clean water drinking systems. One of the best kept secrets of the chemical and fertilizer industries is that we really do not need most if not all of the chemicals in our ornamental gardens and especially in an environmentally sensitive habitat or wildlife habitat. The use of leaf mulch, leaf mold, compost, and compost tea is not only healthy in our society but are the ingredients and nutrients that the World's environments have used for the millions of years that plant life has existed on the Earth.

- be cautious of the word "organic" used on fertilizers. The term has a very loose meaning. It really only means that a chemical such as N or nitrogen is in its basic elemental form no matter how it is derived.

Jim Cooper

11:17 am on Thursday, December 6, 2012

Start a Redworm farm and let them do all your fertilization work. they will handle all your vegetable waste and they love shredded cardboard.

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Stephen Coan

11:25 am on Thursday, December 6, 2012

Jim,
Thanks for the comment. Earlier this year on 2/14/12 I posted an article on vermicomposting. http://collingswood.patch.com/blog_posts/vermicomposting
They're also good to just add directly to your gardens to amend the soil.

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Stephen Coan

11:36 am on Thursday, December 6, 2012

an inexpensive source to an in home vermicomposting system can be found on amazon, I typed in "worm farm." From what I have seen, Worm Factory makes a pretty decent product. (I have nothing to do with them) for about $140.00 you can get a whole system with worms. They are odorless when done properly and can produce quite a lot of good compost.

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Jim Cooper

12:43 pm on Thursday, December 6, 2012

That's called the Gusanito system which I bought online 5 years ago .. not too much difference in the price - I get enough castings for a 1600 sq ft garden counting a handful for each (minumum 6" spaced) plant that goes into the ground .. for lettuce and radishes etc, I make vermicompost tea for the planting - nice column Stephen

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Stephen Coan

2:09 pm on Thursday, December 6, 2012

Thanks Jim, for other info take a look at my website http://ferrethollowgardens.com

Stephen Coan

5:45 pm on Friday, February 15, 2013

For More information contact me:
Stephen Coan
Stephen Coan llc at Ferret Hollow Gardens
Landscape Design, Installation, and Consulting
267-251-5855
garden@ferrethollow.com
www.ferrethollowgardens.com
http://www.stephencoan.com/blog/
http://stephencoanllcatferrethollowgardens.brandyourself.com

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Bob G-man

8:43 pm on Sunday, May 12, 2013

Steve: I like using leaves for mulching - now that I am doing final spring cleaning of beds, my question is about the leaf type. Is there a "preferred" leaf, e.g. oak vs. maple, especially regarding nutrition or pH? Should I keep one perhaps and ditch the other? The maple leaves seem "leathery" vs. oak, but on the rest I have no idea. Thinking about other common trees in town, how about ash, willow oak, poplar, and ornamental pears? Any advice appreciated !

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Stephen Coan

9:25 am on Monday, May 13, 2013

A mix of different leaves is good. That is what I prefer. Each type of leaf has a different chemical composition that adds back the different elements that are needed for a healthy soil. What you are doing if feeding the soil and its denizens who are then breaking down the compounds making them available to be absorbed by the plant roots.

Jim McNeill

6:24 am on Monday, May 13, 2013

burnings leaves is the best way to tell your neighbors who's boss.....thick pungent smoke will keep them at bay inside their homes with no chance to bother you.

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kevin

12:07 pm on Monday, May 13, 2013

Steve-
Can this mulching technique be done with just grass clippings instead of leaves? If I leave them on my lawn during this time of year will it be of any benefit to the soil?

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Stephen Coan

2:20 pm on Monday, May 13, 2013

the problem with grass clippings all summer is that there might be too much buildup of the grass clippings. Doing it occasionally should be fine. You just don't want to "drown" the grass that is growing. It is also a high concentration of nitrogen in the green of the grass. Different locations will break down faster that other area due to the cultural conditions of that area, ie full sun vs shade, dry vs wet, healthy micro fungi, bacteria, mold, etc of the soil that break down the materials. If you use chemicals on the lawn they tend to kill off the beneficial organisms.
If you mow the leaves into the grass in the fall while it is dormant the leaves should mostly break down over the winter. The new growth in the spring should also grow through the remaining leaves (mulched small) remaining that will "fertilize" the soil (lawn) for you as it breaks down.

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